Recent advances in artificial intelligence have sparked both wonder and anxiety as we contemplate its transformative potential. AI holds enormous promise to enrich our lives, but this anticipation comes intertwined with apprehensions about the challenges and risks that may emerge. To nurture a future where AI is leveraged to the benefit of people and society, it is crucial to bring together a wide array of voices and perspectives.
With this goal in mind, I am honored to present the “AI Anthology,” a compilation of 20 inspiring essays authored by distinguished scholars and professionals from various disciplines. The anthology explores the diverse ways in which AI can be harnessed to benefit humanity while shedding light on potential challenges. By bringing together these different viewpoints, our aim is to stimulate thought-provoking conversations and encourage collaborative efforts that will guide AI toward a future that harnesses its potential for human flourishing.
I first encountered GPT-4, a remarkable large-scale language model, in the fall of 2022 while serving as the chair of Microsoft’s Aether Committee. The Aether leadership and engineering teams were granted early access to OpenAI’s latest innovation, with a mission to investigate potential challenges and wider societal consequences of its use. Our inquiries were anchored in Microsoft’s AI Principles, which were established by the committee in collaboration with Microsoft’s leadership in 2017. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of GPT-4’s capabilities, focusing on the possible challenges that applications employing this technology could pose in terms of safety, accuracy and fairness.
GPT-4 left me awestruck. I observed unexpected glimmers of intelligence beyond those seen in prior AI systems. When compared to its predecessor, GPT-3.5 — a model utilized by tens of millions as ChatGPT — I noticed a significant leap in capabilities. Its ability to interpret my intentions and provide sophisticated answers to numerous prompts felt like a “phase transition,” evoking imagery of emergent phenomena that I had encountered in physics. I found that GPT-4 is a polymath, with a remarkable capacity to integrate traditionally disparate concepts and methodologies. It seamlessly weaves together ideas that transcend disciplinary boundaries.
The remarkable capabilities of GPT-4 raised questions about potential disruptions and adverse consequences, as well as opportunities to benefit people and society. While our broader team vigorously explored safety and fairness concerns, I delved into complex challenges within medicine, education and the sciences. It became increasingly evident that the model and its successors — which would likely exhibit further jumps in capabilities — hold tremendous potential to be transformative. This led me to contemplate the wider societal ramifications.
Questions came to mind surrounding artistic creation and attribution, malicious actors, jobs and the economy, and unknown futures that we cannot yet envision. How might people react to no longer being the unparalleled fount of intellectual and artistic thought and creation, as generative AI tools become commonplace? How would these advancements affect our self-identity and individual aspirations? What short- and long-term consequences might be felt in the job market? How might people be credited for their creative contributions that AI systems would be learning from? How might malicious actors exploit these emerging powers to inflict harm? What are important potential unintended consequences of the uses, including those we might not yet foresee?
At the same time, I imagined futures in which people and society could thrive in extraordinary ways by harnessing this technology, just as they have with other revolutionary advances. These transformative influences range from the first tools of cognition — our shared languages, enabling unprecedented cooperation and coordination — to the instruments of science and engineering, the printing press, the steam engine, electricity, and the internet, culminating in today’s recent advances in AI.
Eager to investigate these opportunities in collaboration with others across a wide array of disciplines, we initiated the “AI Anthology” project, with OpenAI’s support. We invited 20 experts to explore GPT-4’s capabilities and contemplate the potential influences of future versions on humanity. Each participant was granted early confidential access to GPT-4, provided case studies in education, scientific exploration and medicine, drawn from my explorations, and asked to focus on two core questions:
- How might this technology and its successors contribute to human flourishing?
- How might we as society best guide the technology to achieve maximal benefits for humanity?
Building upon the ideas presented in my Tanner Lecture at the University of Michigan in November 2022 (Arc of Intelligence: Humanity and its Tools of Reason and Imagination), these questions highlight the importance of long-term thinking and maintaining an optimistic perspective on AI’s potential to enrich human lives. We could unlock immense potential benefits. But to realize this potential, we must create technical innovations and policies to protect against malicious uses and unintended consequences.
This anthology is a testament to the promise of envisioning and collaboration and to the importance of diverse perspectives in shaping the future of AI. The 20 essays offer a wealth of insights, hopes and concerns, illustrating the complexities and possibilities that arise with the rapid evolution of AI.
As you read these essays, I encourage you to remain open to new ideas, engage in thoughtful discussions, and join us in our commitment to developing AI technology that benefits and empowers humanity. The future of AI is not a predetermined path, but a journey we must navigate together with wisdom, foresight and a deep sense of responsibility. I hope that the ideas captured in these essays contribute to our collective understanding of the challenges and opportunities we face. They can help guide our efforts to create a future where AI systems complement human intellect and creativity to promote human flourishing.
I extend my deepest gratitude to the contributors for sharing their invaluable reflections and expertise. I would also like to thank Sarah McGee, the lead on my communications team, for her contributions with organizing the effort, and editor Kerry Tremain for his valuable feedback to the authors. Special thanks go to the OpenAI team, particularly Miles Brundage and Lama Ahmad for their collaboration and support in making this project possible.
Welcome to the “AI Anthology.” May it inspire you, challenge you, and ignite meaningful conversations that lead us toward a future where humanity flourishes by harnessing AI in creative and valuable ways.
We will publish four new essays at the beginning of each week starting today. The complete “AI Anthology” will be available on June 26, 2023.
Eric Horvitz is Microsoft’s Chief Scientific Officer providing cross-company leadership and perspectives on issues and opportunities rising at the intersection of technology, people and society. He is recognized for his research exploring the uses of AI technologies amidst the complexities of the open world.
The views, opinions and proposals expressed in these essays are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any other entity or organization, including Microsoft and OpenAI. The authors are solely responsible for the accuracy and originality of the information and arguments presented in their essays. Participation in the “AI Anthology” was voluntary and no incentives or compensation were provided to the authors.
